SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the clinical, epidemiological, and prognostic features of the H1N1 pandemic in 2009 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic in 2020. METHODS: This retrospective study involved subjects from seven centers that were admitted and found to be positive for H1N1 or COVID-19 real-time polymerase chain reaction test. RESULTS: A total of 143 patients with H1N1 and 309 patients with COVID-19 were involved in the study. H1N1 patients were younger than COVID-19 ones. While 58.7% of H1N1 patients were female, 57.9% of COVID-19 patients were male. Complaints of fever, cough, sputum, sore throat, myalgia, weakness, headache, and shortness of breath in H1N1 patients were statistically higher than in COVID-19 ones. The duration of symptoms until H1N1 patients were admitted to the hospital was shorter than that for COVID-19 patients. Leukopenia was more common in COVID-19 patients. C-reactive protein levels were higher in COVID-19 patients, while lactate dehydrogenase levels were higher in H1N1 ones. The mortality rate was also higher in H1N1 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic is a major public health problem that continues to affect the world with its high rate of contagion. In addition, no vaccines or a specific drug for the benefit of millions of people have been found yet. The H1N1 pandemic is an epidemic that affected the whole world about ten years ago and was prevented by the development of vaccines at a short period. Experience in the H1N1 pandemic may be the guide to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic from a worse end.

Abstract: Black pine (Pinus nigra) is a significant raw material source for the forest products industry in Turkey. The purpose of this research was to study some chemical, anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties of wood obtained from juvenile black pines planted in Kavaklıdere - Muğla, originating from five different locations: Muğla, Balıkesir, Denizli, Bursa, and Kütahya. Although pines originating from Muğla and Balıkesir were good in terms of wood properties, those from Denizli, Bursa, and Kütahya exhibited no remarkable features. Black pine of Muğla origin was recommended for planting in Kavaklıdere and similar habitats, whereas pines of Denizli, Bursa, and Kütahya origins were not recommended. However, pine of Balıkesir origin may be an alternative to that of Muğla origin for black pine plantations at Kavaklıdere and similar sites.

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the possible silage of stay-green sorghum genotypes using GT biplot analysis. Following the grain harvest, 41 sorghum genotypes were chopped to make silage. Biochemical analyses were performed after 60 d of silage. The results revealed that green herbage yields varied between 13.40-65.96 t ha−1, pH between 3.92-4.25, dry matter ratios between 24.26-35.83%, crude protein ratios between 3.44-7.03%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ratios between 27.46-52.01%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratios between 40.80-69.12%, crude ash ratios between 5.8915.14%, lactic acid contents between 1.657-4.914%, and propionic acid contents between 0.000-0.247%. Methane production values varied between 14.15-21.80%, gas production between 18.51-47.36 mL, metabolic energy (ME) between 6.68-11.67 MJ kg−1 DM, and organic matter digestibility (OMD) between 47.20-89.93%. According to GT biplot analysis, there were positive correlations among ADF, NDF and DM; among methane, ME, OMD and gas-methane production; and among acetic, butyric and propionic acids, pH, ash and protein contents. There were negative correlations among gas production, ADF, and NDF and among herbage yield, crude protein, organic acids, pH and crude ash. Among the genotypes, Sugargraze was prominent with herbage yield, while genotypes G4 and G3 were prominent with crude protein. Considering all parameters, genotype G20 seemed to be the ideal genotype. Although some silage samples had low silage and nutritional characteristics, others yielded values close to or even higher than full sorghum silage. These varieties can constitute a quality roughage source for livestock in winter. Further breeding research on stay-green genotypes may provide significant contributions to plant and livestock production activities.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar las posibles ensilajes de genotipos de sorgo que tienen alta tasa de supervivencia del tallo y de las hojas después de la cosecha. Después de cosecha del grano, 41 genotipos de sorgo fueron picados para preparar ensilajes. Los análisis bioquímicos se realizaron después de 60 d de ensilaje. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en el estudio; rendimiento de trigo verde varía entre 13.40-65.96 t ha−1, pH 3.92-4.25, proporción de materia seca entre 24.26-35.83%, proporción de proteína cruda 3.44-7.03%, los ratios de ADF entre 27.46-52.01%, los ratios de NDF entre 40.80-69.12%, los ratios de cenizas en bruto entre 5.89-15.14%, ácido láctico entre 1.657-4914%, ácido propiónico entre 0.000-0.247%. Los valores de producción de metano variaron entre 14.15-21.80%; Producción de gas entre 18.51-47.36 mL, energía metabólica (ME) entre 6.68-11.67 MJ kg−1 MS y digestibilidad de materia orgánica (DMO) entre 47.2089.93%. Aunque algunos genotipos tienen características de calidad de alimentación baja, la mayoría de los genotipos tienen características cercanas al ensilaje entero y están en el grupo de calidad de forraje para animales en invierno. Otros trabajos de mejoramiento de los genotipos que permanecen siempre verdes pueden producir contribuciones significativas a las actividades de producción vegetal y ganadera.

Resumo Objetivos: A disfunção cognitiva no pós-operatório refere-se a problemas associados ao pensamento e à memória que são frequentemente manifestados após uma cirurgia de grande porte. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da memantina administrada por via intraperitoneal sobre a recuperação, as funções cognitivas e a dor após a anestesia com propofol. Métodos: O estudo foi feito no Laboratório de Pesquisa com Animais da Universidade de Gazi, Ankara, Turquia, em janeiro de 2012. Vinte e quatro ratos albinos do sexo feminino, adultos, da linhagem Wistar, com 170-270 g, foram treinados durante 300 segundos no labirinto radial de oito braços (LRB) durante três dias. O Grupo P recebeu 150 mg/kg−1 de propofol por via intraperitoneal (IP), o Grupo H recebeu 1 mg/kg−1 de memantina IP e o Grupo MP recebeu 1 mg/kg−1 de memantina IP antes da administração de 150 mg/kg−1 de propofol (IP). O grupo controle recebeu apenas solução salina IP. Os valores do LRB e da placa quente foram obtidos após a recuperação dos grupos que receberam propofol e 30 minutos após a administração dos fármacos nos outros dois grupos. Resultados: O tempo de recuperação do Grupo MP foi significativamente menor do que o do Grupo P (p < 0,001) e o número de entradas e saídas do LRB do Grupo MP foi significativamente maior durante a primeira hora, em comparação com o Grupo P (p < 0,0001). Os valores da placa quente, por outro lado, foram significativamente maiores em todos os grupos, em comparação com os valores do grupo controle, exceto pelo Grupo C (p < 0,0001). Conclusão: No presente estudo, memantina proporcionou tempos mais curtos de recuperação, funções cognitivas melhores e reduziu a dor no pós-operatório. A partir deste estudo, descobrimos que a memantina tem efeitos benéficos sobre a recuperação, as funções cognitivas e a dor após anestesia com propofol.

Abstract Objectives: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction refers to the problems associated with thought and memory that are often experienced after major surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of intraperitoneally administered memantine on recovery, cognitive functions, and pain after propofol anesthesia. Methods: The study was conducted in Gazi University Animal Research Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey in January 2012. Twenty-four adult female Wistar Albino rats weighing 170-270 g were educated for 300 s in the radial arm maze (RAM) over three days. Group P was administered 150 mg kg−1 of intraperitoneal (IP) propofol; Group M was given 1 mg kg−1 of IP memantine; and Group MP was given 1 mg kg−1 of IP memantine before being administered 150 mg kg−1 of IP propofol. The control group received only IP saline. RAM and hot plate values were obtained after recovery from the groups that received propofol anesthesia and 30 min after the administration of drugs in other two groups. Results: The duration of recovery for Group MP was significantly shorter than Group P (p < 0.001), and the number of entries and exits in the RAM by Group MP was significantly higher during the first hour when compared to Group P (p < 0.0001). Hot plate values, on the other hand, were found to be significantly increased in all groups when compared to the control values, aside from Group C (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In this study, memantine provided shorter recovery times, better cognitive functions, and reduced postoperative pain. From this study, we find that memantine has beneficial effects on recovery, cognitive functions, and pain after propofol anesthesia.